Release type trigger mechanism



June 27, 1950 J. H. GARTNER RELEASE TYPE TRIGGER MECEANISM 4 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Feb. l5, 1946 INVENTOR. fol-IN GHk/VE@ BY fig, my@

June 27, 1950 J. H. GARTNER RELEASE TYPE TRIGGER MECHANISM 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. l5. 1946 FIG. 6

IN V EN TOR. foH/v H. GMW/vel? BY yhf, ma:

June 27, 1950 J.\H. GARTNER 2,513,162

RELEASE TYPEA TRIGGER MECHANISM Filed Feb. l5, 1946 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 I N VEN TOR. .7b/1N H. 64e r/VEI? `BY @7011, MQW

June 27, 1950 J. H. GARTNl-:R 2,513,162

RELEASE TYPE TRIGGER MECHANISM Filed Feb. l5, 1946 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR .Tou/v H, GAETA/E@ BY VIatenleci `ue 27, 1950 UNITE John H. Gartner, Kentield, Calif., assigner to Samuel I. Keene, San Francisco, Calif.

Application February 15, 1947, Serial No. 728,782

13 Claims. (Cl. 42-69) This invention relates to trigger mechanisms yfor small arms, and has for one of its objects the provision of a trigger mechanism of the release type, which is the type in which the release of the cooking piece for firing is caused by releasing the retracted trigger, and which mechanism is under full control of the finger actuated trigger both for releasing the cooking piece and for preventing its release after a retraction thereof, as desired.

Another object of the invention is a trigger mechanism of the release type in which the cocking piece is safely held against accidental release up to the instant of its release, irrespective of the degree of manipulation of said trigger up to that instant.

y A still further object of the invention is the provision of a release type trigger mechanism that operates to render a release of the trigger inoperative for releasing the cocked cooking piece upon a predetermined further movement of the trigger other than a release thereof and after the latter has been retracted to the point Where its normal release would cause a release of the cock ing piece. After such predetermined further movement, the trigger may be freely released Without effecting a release of the cooking piece.

The merit of the release type of trigger mechanism has been recognized ever since it was first introduced, but for many years it was regarded as being merely a dangerous toy of no practical utility due to the fact that once the trigger was retracted its release Without effecting a release of the cooking piece Was practically impossible, particularly in a hammerless firearm or in a firearm having a bolt instead of a hammer.

In United States Letters Patents to Seitz, No. 2,365,440, of December 19, 1944, and No. 2,396,291, of March l2, 1946, safety means is provided in the form of an element adapted to be held by a linger or fingers of the hand grasping the stock. To release the trigger Without effecting a release of the cocking piece, said finger or fingers released their grip on said element.

While the above means operated satisfactorily, the manipulation of the safety element required the actuation of a dierent set of muscles in the hand than those required for retraoting and for releasing the trigger, and which muscles were not directly associated with the trigger finger. Thus the demand on the nervous and muscular system required to bring this second set of muscles into action While the set associated with the trigger nger Was already in operation, was more complex than Were the mental directive for rendering the trigger safe applied mainly to the muscles already in operation, or atleast to the muscles associated With the trigger finger. v l

In the presentinvention, after the cooking piece is cocked, all further physical manipulation either for releasing the cooking piece or for releasing the trigger Without causing a release of said cocking piece, is by the trigger finger while the latter is in trigger retracting relationship. The result of this is an increased confidence on the part of the operator in the rearm through his having positive, simple and instant control of the cooking piece through the trigger alone.

Heretofore in most so-called bolt action firearms, or in those in which the cooking piece comprises a bolt, the latter carried a sear notch element that slidably engaged a sear for holding the cooking piece cocked. A release ofthe cock,- ing piece was eiected by sliding the sear off the sear notch element, and this sliding movement was a gradual one as the triggery was manipulated, until finally the sear cleared the element. If the trigger manipulation ceased and the trigger was restored to its normal inoperative posi tion, a spring Was provided for restoring the Sear to its normal relationship with the sear notch .element. However, this latter springl was resisted by the frictional resistance set up between the sear and the sear notch element by the much more powerful spring that drove the cooking piece once the latter Was released, andas a result, the spring that was intended to restore the sear to full engagement with the sear notch element frequently failed to do so. Thus the Sear many times would have only a hair breadth engagement with the sear notch element and only a slight jar would be sufficient to release the sear notch element and cause ring of the firearm. Such occurrences have not been infrequent, some o which have resulted in fatalities.

With the present invention, the sear engages the sear notch element exactly the same as in the conventional firearms, but the sear isl not progressively slid off the sear notch element as the trigger is manipulated, nor is the release of the sear at the point of firing effected directly by manual force applied to the trigger. Instead, the trigger is retracted under a manual force of from three to four pounds, until a predetermined point is reached that is plainly evident to the operators sense of feel on the trigger, and that may be audible. During this movement to said point, the sear is in substantially full, safe the cooking piece will be instantly released and the sear will actually be driven out of its holding relationship with the sear notch element under the force of the spring that drives the cooking piece.

From the foregoing it will be seen that there can be no dangerous hanging of the sear on the sear notch element under any circumstance.

The above `described features of providing a safety control through the finger actuated trigger and a prevention of the dangerous hanging of the sear on the sear notch element are objects of this invention.

Other objects and advantages will-appear in the description and in the drawings.

In the drawings,

Fig. 1 is a cross sectional view throughfa-trigger mechanism showing the cooking piece in uncocked position.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view showing the cooking piece cocked and the trigger partially retracted in full line position to a point where a release thereof would result in a release of the cooking piece. The dash lines indicate the Aposition of the trigger and sear before retraction of the trigger.

Fig. 3 is a sectional View showing the trigger "fully retracted for causing a safety device to move to a position relative to the sear whereby the trigger vvcan be released without causing a release of the cooking piece.

Ffg. 4 is a perspective view of the sear.

Fig'. 5 is a perspective view of the adapter that carries the sear between the arms ofthe former 4and that also carries the trigger.

`AFig. 6 is a perspective View of a spring that functions to restore the sear to elevated position after 'the cooking piece has been fired.

Fig. 7 is a sectional view' of the trigger 'mechanism in which the cooking piece is cocked but the trigger is held against retraction by'an auxiliary safety device.

Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the trigger mecha n'ism in which the cooking piece is in the forward position after having been driven vby its spring l to said position and' the sear has beenv driven in rotation out of holding position. The dot dash lines of the trigger and Isear and c'ockingpiece indicatetheir positions just before the cooking piece has been released.

Fig. 9 is a sectional view showing the trigger `mechanism with the cooking piece in uncooked position and the auxiliary safety device is engagement with the trigger preventing cooking of 'the firearm until said safetyy device is released'.

Fig. 10 is an elevational view of the trigger alone as seen from one side thereof.

Fig. l11 is an edge view of the trigger o'f Fig. 10

AVas seen from the front or concave side of the finger engaging end of the trigger.

Fig'. 12 is an elevational vie'w of the'trigger alone as seen from the side opposite that of Fig.

-in saidrelationship by a pin that is movable with said element between the two positions indicated vby the dot-dash lines in Fig. 15.

Fig. 16 is a fragmentary perspective vie'w looking' at the trigger from below for showing the canneleurs in the plate at the upper side of the trigger guard.

Fig. 17 is a sectional View of a trigger mechanism of slightly different design from that of Figs. 1 to 17 showing the cooking piece cocked and the trigger substantially fully retracted to the point where a release of the same will effect release of the cooking piece after a slight further retraction of the trigger.

Fig. 18 is a sectional View showing the trigger mechanism before retraction of the trigger and before the cooking piece is cooked.

Fig. 19 isa sectional view showing the finger engaging portion of the trigger moved upwardly so that the' safety device carried at the upper end of the trigger will move to below a nose of the sear to permit a release of the trigger without causing a release of the cooking piece.

Fig. 20 is an exploded perspective view of the trigger of Figs. 17 to 19 apart from the firearm.

Fig. 21 is a vertical sectional View taken through the trigger of Fig. 20-when the latter is assembled'.

Figure 22 is a perspective view Aof member 1 lof the trigger mechanism.

1n detail referring to Fig. 1, the bol-t of the rifle is indicated at l. The bolt so illustrated is the conventional bolt employed in the M1 Garand rifle and is constantly urged to red -positionby the usual coil spring 2, which spring vexerts a force of about 14 lbs. throughout itsvra-nge-o'f use.

The bolt l is reciprooable longitudinally thereof -andconventional mea-ns (not shown) supports the same for reciprocation from cooked position (Fig. 3) at'oneextreme end Aof its stroketo r'ed position (Fig. 1) yatthe-'otlfler end of Said stroke.

Depending from the underside of bolt -l Aand in'- tegral with the latter is'a Sear notch element 3 that is conventional in this type of firearm. This element 3l is more or less in the formof a tooth having a flat 'forwardly directed face "4 at right angles to the direction of travel of the bolt and element and an upwardly and rearwardly inclined face 5 extending from the outer end of the element to the bolt proper.

Bolt I and the element V3 thereon are disposed directly over theA usual partition 6 that is v between th'e bolt and the trigger mechanism', which partition forms the upper wall' of the'housing for `said mechanism.

The partition 6 is formed with Van opening 1 (Fig. 1) through which projects theA nose '8 of a sear'9.

The main body of sear 9 is more or less horizontally elongated with said nose `8 projeotin'gupwardly from' a point intermediate its front and rear end portions.

'In using the terms 'front, rlrear,l "fors/ard, forwardly, rearwardly,Y etc.' the same are used with respect tothe rear or butt end of vthe-"rifle and the forward or muzzle end thereof. Thus a rearwardly extending elements extends generally toward the butt end and a forwardly extending element extends toward'the muzzle end.

The rear end portion le' of scar 9 terminates'in a pair of laterally oppositely outwardly directed cylindrical projections Ilv that extend into upwardly opening horizontally elongated similar'recesses I2` formed in the upper edges of apair of opposed horizontally-directed arms -l-3 of a generally U-shaped member.y The closed end of said U-shaped member is lindicated at N, ('Fig.5) and is at the forward end thereof while the edges of the arms at their free rear ends are curvedas indicated in 'Fig'. 1Y tofollow the downwardly curved cont'ourvof the partition 5,

The projections II form a support for sliding of ASear 9 longitudinally of arms I3 and for pivotal movement of the sear about the horizontal axis of said projections upon actuation of the trigger as will later be explained more in detail.

Forwardly of sear 9 is the upper portionof a trigger I5, which upper portion extends between arms I3. A horizontal pin I6 extends through the said upper portion and into openings .in arms I3 pivotally supporting said trigger for revolvable movement about the axis o-f said pin.

: The portion of trigger I5 that projects downwardly from arms I3 terminates at its lower end in the conventional curved finger engaging portion I'I that projects through the iloor plate I8 that is integral with the guard bow I9 for the trigger and that is at the upper end of said bow. The said portion Il projects downwardly into the area or space enclosed within said guard bow for engagement by the finger of an operator in the usual manner.

The rear face of the upper portion of trigger I5 that is between arms I3 is formed with an upper notch providing an upwardly facing ledge and a shoulder 2l spaced below said ledge 20 which shoulder 2I extends slantingly downwardly between vertical and horizontal (Figs. 1, l0, 12).

At this point it is thought that the structure will be clarified if it is pointed out that the upper portion of trigger I5 is flattened and its at sides are parallel with a vertical plane that is coincident with the longitudinal axis of the rifle and between arms i3. This said upper portion is bifurcated in said plane (Fig. 11) and ledge 20 and shoulder 2| are respectively at both sides of said bifurcation.

The rear face of sear nose 8 is at and is substantially vertical and is adapted to engage the forward side 4 of the sear notch element 3 when the bolt is in cocked position. The upper and forward face of said nose 8 is curved as indicated at 22 to facilitate the sliding ofthe inclined lower surface-5 of the sear notch element 3 rearwardly over said curved surface 'in cooking the bolt.

The forward side of the sear 9 is formed with a forwardly opening recess, the upper side of which starts at the lower end of conversely curved surface that extend forwardly of curved surface 22, whereby theupper curved surface 25 and the upper side of said recess define two sides of an upper nose 23 (Fig. 4). The lower side of said recess denes the upper side of a lower nose 24, the lower side of which lower nose is the lower side of said sear. -Said lower side is convexly curved from front to rear and the lower nose 24 is slightly longer than upper nose 23 and the upper side of lower nose 24 preferably extends slantingly downwardly toward the point of said lower nose. p

Y When the firearm has been fired and the bolt is uncooked and trigger I'I is in forward position (Fig. l) the upper nose 23 extends over the upper ledge 20 in the rear side lof trigger I5 and the lower nose 24 extends over the lower shoulder 2l below ledge 26 with a slight space between the lower nose and said shoulder.

Forwardly of the upper portion of vtrigger I5 and between said upper portion and the forward end I4 of the U-shaped member is a block 26 that is preferably integral with the U-shaped member, and which block provides for certain screws as will later appear.

The partition 6 is formed with an opening over said block and the arms I3 are formed with opposed upward projections 21 that extend through said-opening. A pin 28 secures the projections to the 'partition, said pin being the conventional sear pin used inthe standard rie for pivotally supporting the conventional sear. The present structure substitutes the U-shaped member inclusive block Z6 for the conventional searand the pin 28 is merely used to hold the block in position.

A screw 29 extends through the block adjacent. the end member I4 of the U-shaped frame and the lower end of said screw is slotted for a screwdriver.

The rear side of block 26 or the side adjacent the upper portion of trigger I5 is formed with a slot 36 (Fig. 5) that terminates at its lower end shortof the lower side of the block 26 thus leaving a base 3| (Fig. 1) the underside of which is adapted to be engaged by a forwardly extending projection 32 on trigger I5 to function as a stop for limiting the forward swinging of the lower end of said trigger.

The forward end of slot 30 is vertical and terminates about even with the pin 28.

A vertically extending coil spring 33 is supported at its lower end on base 3| of slot 30 and a screw 35 threadedly extending through said base 3l carries a projection 34 that extends into the said spring, coaxial therewith for a substantial distance.. The distance the projection 34 may extend into said spring is determined by screw 35, that projects below said base 3|.

Positioned in the bifurcation of the upper end of the trigger I5 is a at plate 36 (Figs. 13, 14). This plate 36 is formed with a short generally horizontally extending slot 38 that passes the pivot pin I6 that pivots the trigger.

Above pivot pin IB the upper portion of trigger I5 is formed with two pairs of openings 46, 4'I (Fig. '10) each pair being coaxial and extending through the opposite sides of the bifurcated position, thereby forming two pairs of opposed recesses in said sides (Fig. 15). Inasmuch as said trigger is of tempered steel, the said sides are resilient.

A pin 39 (Fig. 15) having hemispherical ends is tted in an opening in the plate 36 and said ends are adapted to seat in one pair or the other of the opposed recesses provided by said openings. However, as will later be explained, a force in the plane of said plate 36 will cause the plate to move relative to the sides of the bifurcation for movement of the pin 39 from one pair ofv opposed recesses 46, 4l to the other and vice versa.

Said plate 36 is formed with a forward wedgelike extension 4D (Figs. l, 13) that is tapered with its pointed end disposed between the upperend of spring 33 and partition 6. Said pointed end is also over the projection 34. Below said'4 extension 40 is a shorter extension 4I (Fig. 13) that` is substantially coincident with the pro--4 jection 32 on trigger I5.

A pivot pin 44 that is spaced a substantial dis-k tance below the pin I6 pivotally supports the.` plate 36 on the trigger and in the bifurcation of the upper end of the latter.

The rear edge of plate 36 is formed with a projection 45, the upper edge of which is coincident with and alongside the upper edge of ledge 2|) when the trigger is in the positions shown in Figs. 1, 2, 7, 8, 9 and in which positions the rear edge of said projection is coincident with the rear edge of the trigger that extends from ledge 20 to shoulder 2|. In the positions shown in said figures it will be noted that the agile-,fraai pinzlf i isl'seatedr-at its ends in the forwardapain of opposedv recesses Mir (Figc 15.).. Upon 'shifting ofrsaid pin tothe other or rear pair' of recesses"` 4=1f (Fig. 15:) the projectionS:on'platei36fwi1l'project rearwardlyf'of the rearv edge 48"'of: thertriggerl andthe upperfedgeof'projection 45 willvirtually formfacontinuation rearwardly of the upper edgey of ledge 20 (Fig. 3). Y

The searf nose `8 is normallyheld elevatedawith the: projections Il spaced abovethe lowered'gesu tending: between the rear .ends of arms` fl 3:. The` rear edges of' saidl leaves wipingly' engageftheI underside of the/forward projection'- I0 ofi/the;

searl 9.'. The saidfsprings 50 in piece 5l are seen inFigf. 6 separate from arms I3, and. in `Eig; 31

said;A springs are shown in position carriedfby said-farms. In'Fi'gs. 1, 2 and 7 to 9 the springs and cross piece I are not shownV so .asl not to obscure the ends. ofarm's 13,' but on each'instance the springs andcross piece4 are used.

'Referring to Fig. 1 in which the bolt is in uncockedp'oeition, it will be seen that ay retractionv of; the :holt to cocked' position will cause thesear notch=piece3to move over the searfnose 8', depressingthelatter against the resistance of thel spring leaves until the said piece 3 clears the nose; after which said Sear nose 8 will move'upl to hold `'the-triggercocked.

Upony retracting the trigger, the first action isa that: of; causing the inclined shoulder 21 to engagesthe' lower nose 24: on theforward side' of.h thesear; Further retraction moves'theisearrea'rwardly a short distance. as seen in"Fig..2 andr` at thez-sametime movingthe upper nosel23. 01T the upper ledge At this point' a release of the trigger willresultin theupper nose'23 engaging the:A rear edge #.-81k of the trigger adjacent the ledgesZ'iiA and the resistance to continued. forward. movement: of: the. trigger hy reason of thisv en-y gagement wouldibe a clear indication tot-theiuser.l that a further release of the trigger wouldfcause alrelease of searnose 8. from the Sear notch piece 3;and that theA rearm would' be red. Thus-adj#` Vance notice is veryA definitely given .to the usery asay to the time when the cocking'pieceorbolt will .be released.

Thesensitivity of the. trigger mechanism; for releasing the bolt uponia further releasek of the trigger after thezposition in Fig. 2-.is reachedisV determined bythe'-v degree of inclination of the shoulder 2l to the are of travel of the lowerI nose 241 about the axis of the projections: H of the sear.Y If this'degree of inclination is .close to beingA tangential torsaidzarc, then the Veryfsli-'g-htest furtheri'release of the triggerwill result'infcaus'- inga release of the sear nose vas best seen in Fig- 8f. However, the more nearly the plane offsaid shoulder is to being radial to the lareoftravel of' the lower nose 2li, the less sensitivenwill be-the release.

Shouldthe userfdecide nottoire the. iirearmafter.vv retracting'` the trigger to the position of Fig. 2, it will be seen thatthe-sear nose-il'I still fully.- engages the Sear notch piece 3, hence there isfnovdangerr of iiring the' pieceby a jar'Y or: the like; provided some means were provided forrestoring the trigger to the position of Fig. 7 in which the boltis merely cocked. Such means isi providedfor bythe plate 36.

To. restoretthe trigger; mechanism to; the: positionishown in Fig, 7, the operator willmerely. pull thevtrigger-rearwardly tothe maximum limit.V

This requires@ 4a very. noticeable-i extra exertion,-

lien'ce.- such accidental. retraction is practically..

impossible.

The resulted-this.:addedfretraction of thetrig.-

ger is to cause 'ai slidingof the sear rearwardly.

to the .limitf of the .recess I2 and at the same time.I the wedgeelike projection 40 on plate 36'4 will .furtherf compressl spring. 33 until the said: projection:lliengageslthe projection 3-5011 scre'Wf At this-point aiurther'retractiony of the? trigger will cause.' the; pin 39y to be moved from.

holes'to. the rear' set of vholes 41 resulting'in a. sharp audible snapandr accelerated retractionl of l the ftrigger; Said movement of .plate y: 16 Vupont ,I the dislodgementI of A`pin-39:wi11 resultinthe rearl proj ection 45 Eof: plate-3 Bfp'assing under Vthe upper nose: 23' of seal' 9,-.thereby holding thesear noseA upagainst releasingfthe bolt when the trigger is released. lFig..3 shows the trigger fully retracted, with thev projectionv 45 on plate 36 projecting-g rearwardly under the upper nose y23.

rvUpon release' of the'trigger 'from the position seen-.in Fig.- A3.-!the upper; sear nosel 23 Willi be`A guide'd-backt onto -the:upper ledge 20 and will. be;

moved onto said ledge under the inuence of thefmain. bolthspringf 2. The same spring will cause thei'plate: .3tom/ove back tothe position juncture between-the forward side of the trigger` bow I9 and the said base plate. v

One. arm-5?! of this lever is formed with an up-` wardly directedy tooth.` 58 at its outer endy that` issadaptedto. be swung into a downwardly opening recessgrin the forward side of trigger l5'T when vthe latter is-fin the position seen in Fig. 2.

When .thesaid/.tooth '58.is in said recess the oppcsiteA end-y of v'the llever is againstthe outer forwardfsideof the trigger guardfbow I9. I everl'nil l is: formed `at'itsiouterendfwith opposed side pieces 6I. which. extend pastthe.- trigger guard ,bow to apositionfinwhich. a-nger on-the trigger can engagethe edgesoisaid sidepieces and'move the lever tea/.released position-in which the tooth.

-is-.out-vof.the'recess or-.notch 59 as seen in Fig.. 8;l Apair: ofopposed detents 82` are formedon.` lever. \that-.are adapted to spring pastthe guardbow I9-.when-.the-1ever 55'` isin safety position for holdingthe-said lever from accidentally'mov` ingto releaseclf positions. The position of thel safety,r leveranditsycontour is seen to be such thatit is practically impossible that the lever could befaccidentally-actuated torelease the trigger and furthermore, the said safety lever is positioned for actuation by the trigger iinger of the. operator when said. finger is in a position for` engagingthe. trigger. It might also be'added that'thedetentsZ.function to prevent accidental return` of the lever 5'5 Ato safety position, a1though.

.it couldl not..soreturn. in any event after the trigger is slightly retracted.

` As shownin Figa-16, the upper side of the trigwhen such finger is in trigger manipulating position. Itisobviousthatthese grooves maybe formed'. directlyfinfsaid base plate, or in aplate thatfis'ladapted turbe-secured to such base plate,

by one or more screws 64. The purpose of said grooves is to provide a friction surface adapted to be engaged by said trigger nger to facilitate holding the trigger in retracted position without causing undesirable nervous or muscular tension. When the trigger is retracted to the point where release thereof will result in firing the firearm, the operator may merely urge the trigger nger against the grooves and the friction surface created by the ridges will tend to hold the finger against movement in a triggerreleasing direction under a minimum expenditure of eiort on the part of the operator. The spring 2 will tend to return the trigger to its forward position until the sear is released from engagement with the sear notch.

Figs. 17 to 19 inclusive, shows a modification of the invention as shown in the preceding drawings, and is substantially the same in its operation up to the point where an operation is required to prevent ring of the firearm upon releasing the retracted trigger. In the invention as described with respect to Figs. l to 16 inclusive, it was seen that an additional and iinal rearward pull of the trigger to substantially the limit of its maximum rearward movement rendered the cocked firearm safe for a release of the trigger. In the present instance, a further movement of the trigger beyond the point where a release of the same would cause a release of the sear is also necessary, but in this instance this further movement is in a direction substantially at right angles to the normal direction vof movement of the trigger, preferably in` an upward direction.

This modied form is recommended by some riflernen for the reason that it is possible for a person tofull'y retract the trigger accidentally in the excitement of the movement, which would prevent a release of the sear in the form of the invention" as illustrated in Figs. 1 to 15 when no such result was intended.

With the present form of the invention, such an accidental occurrence is not likely inasmuch as a conscious upward and abnormal movement of the trigger would be required.

The same numerals will be used as for the invention as described in Figs. 1 to 16 where the elements in this invention are identical with those shown in said figures. v

In detail, the bolt l, spring 2, sear notch element 3, faces ll. 5 on saidl element, partition 5. sear 9 including all parts thereof, U-shaped member having arms i3, all areidentical with corresponding elements shown in Figs. l to 16.

The trigger structure varies from that shown in the invention already described in certain features. but the upwardly facing ledge and shoulder 2l spaced below said ledge are identical with the corresponding' ledge and shoulder already described. In the present invention, the upper portion 10 of the-trigger 'is bifurcated substantially as already described,l but in the space between the sides of said portion is a generally vertically extending iiat, elongated member 1l (Fig. 22) piv- :oted to said trigger between said sides by a horizontal pivot 12 that is spaced below the pivot I6 that pivotally supports the trigger.

The lower end of this member 1l' is formed with a rearwardly opening recess 59 (Fig. 22) that is adapted to receive thel upper generally cylindrically shaped end 13 (Fig. 20) of the lower portion of the trigger, which lower portion includes the finger engaging part 14 at. its lOWQrmost-end. il 1 are 'The trigger itself is in two parts, the upper part of which is formed with the ledge 20 and shoulder 2 I that are identical with the ledge and shoulder shown in Figs. 1, 10 and that are for the same purpose. i

The lower part 15 carries said cylindrically shaped end 13, and between said end 13 and the linger engaging portion 14 is a relatively straight neck 11 (Fig. 20) which neck 11 is gradually wider at its lower end and where it connects with the portion 14 as best seen at 18 in Fig. 20.

The lower end of the upper part 10 below pivot 12 extends to substantially the juncture between portions 14 and 18 and laterally overlies the upper portion of the lower part 15 from portion 18 upwardly, said parts 1l), 15 being cut away at their overlying adjacent sides so that each of the opposite sides of the trigger from the portion 14 to the upper end of upper part 1Q will be coplanar.

The adjacent sides of the overlapping portions of the upper and lower parts ofthe trigger are complementarily recessed to provide a chamber for an expansion coil spring 82 (Fig. 21). This spring reacts at itsends between a shoulder 8| on the part 15 and a shoulder 80 on part 10 to yieldably hold a stop 83 (Fig. 20) on part 15 yagainst a shoulder 84 on part 1B in which position the parts 1Q, 15 are in normal extended position relative to each other. The neck 11 on part 15 is slidable longitudinally in a guideway formed in part lll (Fig. 17) within the limits permitted by stop 83, said shoulder 84 being the limit at one end and a shoulder 'being the other limit (Fig. 20). The guideway holds said neck 11 firmly therein except for longitudinal movement of the `neck and corresponding movement ofthe nger engaging portion 16.`

As already explained, the member 1| is adapted to pivot about the axis of pivot 12, and the socket 68 in the lower part of 'said member pivotally receives the cylindrical upper end 13 of part 15. The part 15 cannot become separated from the member 1l when the housing that encloses the trigger mechanism' is together, and alsothe lower end of part 10 includes anextension 86 that fits in a slotminsaid lower part 15 (Fig. 21,) to help hold the parts 10, 15 together. l

The upper end `or member 1l. is yformedwith a notch 88 (Fig. 22) that corresponds with the notch at the4 upper rear corner .of the part 1I). The ledge 20 is the lower side of said notch in part 10, and when 4the triggeris normal, the sides of the notch 88 are coincident. with the sides of the notch in part 10, l

Upon upwardmovement of the lower part -15 against the compression of spring 8|), the member 1| vwill rock Lon pivotv12to swing the upper end of member 1| rearwardly to a position in which the upwardly facing lower side of notch 38 is substantially in outward continuation oi the ledge 20'. i

Forwardly of the upper end ofthe upper part of the'triggerand between the sides AI3 of the adapter that carries the 'sear 9', is the block 26 that has the projection 21 that in turn extends through an op'ening'in partition t., and which block is held innplace adjacent closed end I4 by pin 28 that is the same pin that is shown in Fig. 1.

Spring 33 'andscrew 35 including extension 34 on' said screen are the same as described for Fig. l. The upper'triggermember 1l), however, carries a nose 98 integral therewith that extends over spring 33 'and that functions to compress said springwhen` the trigger is retracted, where- .f1-1 ybythe said :spring will. tend iatall times1 to urge the tri-ggerfto afterward position.

:In xnmnaton,v aitervthe irearmlisgcocked in 'the susualamanner, sear f8 and' the scar ,nose 4fare in engagement, a substantially full' retractionof the-trigger to a: slightly rgreater'degree than vthe :position showninrliig. 1,7, will cause the Aupper I1:10Sea123 to1moveoi1e`dge .20 and the lower seal nose Ito engage the, shoulder V2 I 'fWhen in such .fully'retracted position, if the trigger ,is released, .the .Sear will quickly rotate v.co1inteiolockwise under the -force Aof spring 2 as scones. the lower noseiZA is no'longer held on shoulderf'l `However, should the operator v'.wish to release :the-trigger without ringethe piece it is only necfessary for' him to movev his trigger finger upwardly, thereby causing .the .member 1| to rock .clockwise (as .seen 'in Fig. 19),'invwhich position .theynotch will-.be swung outwardly so that its .upwardlyrfacing shoulder will. be Abelow vthe upper nose23. Then upon-,releasingfthe trigger'the upper-nose 123 .will be carriedlback over the upper lodge 241Y and the firearm vwilljbe safely restored .to normal Acocked position without any relative movement having taken place between Athe sear .S andfsearpnose i3.

le A :fl-ringImechanis-m for small firearms. that ineludes a cooking piece ,and a `spring energized hyymovement of said fpiecefto'cockedposition for drilling @Said .cooking piede upon its release from said, position, `lfioldirig-.means vsupported fori-'moveH mentfrom `aposition holdingsaid cooking piece .cocked to a position releasing Ithe same, vmeans 'for .causing saidmovement rincluding a lingerrev tractable trigger, means actuated by -additional movement Yof .said .trggeraaftena ,predetermined retraction thereof ...for rendering said-.holding means. inoperative f yfor releasing said I cooking pieceand meanssupportingf-said trigger for said predetermined AretteCtive.movement and for said ldddtiOna-l movement. f

2..A .ring mechanism for small `firearms that includesv a y.cooking piece and a `spring .energized lay-.movement ofY said Apieceto.cocked position for driving said cockingpieceupon itsrelease. from said .-position. nholding.means supported for .move- .mfntffrom a yposition holdingsaidcocking .piece cocked .to a position...releasingy .the same., means iericausing .said Inoyementincluding a linger re- .tradable trigger. .meansaotuatee byy additional milgmerll y.0f Said- .trigger kafter apredetermined retraction thereoi for rendering said holding means inoperative for releasing said cock i ng piece, and means supporting saidtrigger vfor said -@redetermined retrative movement and for said additional movement, said means for causing said movement of said holding means to a position releasing said cooking piece further including said spring. l

3. A firing mechanism for small `firearms that `includes a cooking piece and a spring energized by movement of said piece to cocked position for 'driving said cooking piece upon its release Afrom A.

.additonalfmovement said holding :means comprising afsear means supporting said Sear for yrotary .movement under the influence 4of said spring Atrom its holding 4position :toa position fully releasing Said-.cooking piece.

4- :A firing` Ymechanism.for ,small rearmsthat vincludes acockingpiece and aspring Ienergized fby movementfof saidpieceto cocked positionier- ,driving .Saidfcocking pece upon its .release from .saidv position, :holdingfrneans Ysupported for movement from fa :position 4holdingsaidtcocking piece .cocked-to aposition releasing thesame, means for .ca-using .said movement including a linger `retractable trigger, ,means lactuated by additional .movement of .said trigger `.after .a predetermined retraction thereof .for V-renderimg -said holding means -ixioperative. for v,releasing .said cooking piece, and means snppOrtingsaid trigger forsaid .predetermined.-retractive fmovement and -for -said additional movement, said :cooking piece comprising .a boltgsupported -for reciprocation land having .fa sear -notch `element rigid therewith adapted-ticheengagedhy saidqholding means for holding li`-=the latteryandv saidl vholding means comprising a asea-r Supported for rotary movement .to a position fully releasing `saidelement .for releasing-said-cockingpiece.

5. -,-A yfiring,.frnechanism:for small firearms that includes. a ,cooking piece vfand. la .Spring energized .by vmovement of said piece Ato cocked position for driving Isaid Yedel'iirig piece kupon'its Irelease from said. position, .a y.linger engaged 1triggersum -0rted for .-rearwardwretractive movement to V`a predeterminodpoint Aby fthe retractive yforce vof the ,finger of ari-Operator against .seid l trigger and for opposite forward movement yfrom said point upon release of isaid retractive -forceon said trigger, a'soar notch element rigid on lsaid cooking .piece and .a seargmovable into and outfof .engagement with said element for respectively holding said cooking piece cocked andffor releasingsaidcooking `pece., means` on -sa-id :trigger for '-releasably holding said -sear in said engagement with A'sa-id element, movable -toa position releasing` said -sear from said engagementgupon -said or'npostewforn `ward movement of saidftrigger; andsaety means connected vwith said vtrigger fand actuated for movement by Va predetermined movement ofsaid trigger to a position preventing said release olf said fsearfrfrom said Velement upon said forward movement` of said trigger.

6.A ring mechanism for smallrearms that includes-a ycooking piece and a springgenergized by movementof -said Vpiece to: cocked position'f'or d-rivingsaid cooking piece uponits yrelease Afrom said position, a yfingerengaged trigger'supported for rearward retractivemovement 'to a predetermined point 'by the retractive force of the 'lnger ofvanioperator against said trigger-and vfor opposite forward movement from-said; point upon release-of theretractive force on said triggerLasear notch element rigid on said cooking piece and-a sear movable Ainto and out ofV engagement with said yelenfient--for respectively holding said :cooking pioce'cocked and `for 'releasing saidcooking piece, means on said .trigger forreleasably holding said searzin Said engagement 4with'said elementwmovable to a position releasing said scar 'from said engagement upon .said opposite forward movementof. said trigger, and safety-meansconnected with ysaid trigger and actuatedY for nriovement by e :predetermined movement of said triggerto-a position preventing said release .of said sear-y from said Aelement upon `said lforward movement 'of said trigger, means supporting said seartorfmovement out of engagement with said element under the influence of said spring.

7; A firing mechanism for small rearms that includes a cooking piece and a spring energized by movement of said piece to cocked position for driving said cooking piece upon its release from said position, a finger engaged trigger supported for rearward retraotive movement to a predetermined point by the retraotive force of the finger of an operator against said trigger and for opposite forward movement from said point upon release of the retraotive force on said trigger, a sear notch element rigid on said cooking piece and a sear movable into and out of engagement with said element for respectively holding said cooking piece cocked and for releasing said cooking piece, means on said trigger for releasably holding said sear in said engagement with said element movable to a position releasing said sear from said engagement upon said opposite forward movement of said trigger, and safety means connected with said trigger and aotuated for movement by a predetermined movement of said trigger to a position preventing said release of said sear from said element upon said forward movement of said trigger, means supporting said sear for rotary movement out of engagement with said element under the iniiuence of said spring.

8. A firing mechanism for small firearms that includes a cooking piece and a spring energized by movement of said piece to cocked position for driving said cooking piece upon its release from said position, a finger engaged trigger supported for rearward retraotive movement to a predetermined point by the retraotive force of the finger of an operator against said trigger and for opposite forward movement from said point upon release of the retraotive force on said trigger, a sear notch element rigid on said cooking piece and a sear movable into and out of engagement with said element for respectively holding said cooking piece cocked and for releasing said cooking piece, means on said trigger for releasably holding said sear in said engagement with said element movable to a position releasing said sear from said engagement upon said opposite forward movement of said trigger, and safety means connected with said trigger and actuated for movement by a predetermined movement of said trigger to a position preventing said release of said sear from said element upon said forward movement of said trigger, means supporting said sear for movement in translation upon said retraotive movement of said trigger and for movement in rotation out of engagement with said element upon said forward movement of said trigger.

9. A firing mechanism for small firearms that includes a cooking piece and a spring energized by movement of said piece to cocked position for driving said cooking piece upon its release from said position, a nger retractable trigger supported for rearward retraotive movement to a predetermined point by the retraotive force ofA the finger of an operator against said trigger and for opposite forward movement from said point upon release of the retraotive force on said trigger, holding means for said cooking piece supported for movement from a position holding said cooking piece cocked to a position releasing said cooking piece and actuated for said movement from said position by said forward movement of said trigger, safety means connected with said trigger and actuated by movement of said trigger 14 past said predetermined point for rendering said holding means inoperative for releasing said cooking piece upon saidv forward movement of said trigger, and means supporting said trigger for movement past said predetermined point.

10. A firing mechanism for small firearms that includes a cooking piece and a spring energized by movement of said piece to cocked position for driving'said cooking piece upon its release from said position, a finger retractable trigger supported-for rearward retraotive movement to a predetermined point by the retraotive force of the finger of an operator against said trigger and for opposite forward movement from said point upon release of the retraotive force on said trigger, holding means for said cooking piece supported for movement from a position holding said cooking piece cocked to a position releasing said cooking piece and actuated for said movement from said position holding said cooking piece cocked to a position releasing said cooking piece and actuated for said movement from said position by said forward movement of said trigger, safety means connected with said trigger and actuated by movement of said trigger past said predetermined point for rendering said holding means inoperative for releasing said cooking piece upon said forward movement of said trigger, and means supporting said trigger for movement past said predetermined point, in a direction at an angle to said rearward retraotive movement.

11. In a, trigger mechanism having a spring urged cooking piece supported for movement under theinfluence of said spring from a cooked position to a released position, a finger retractable trigger and a sear connecting between said trigger and said cooking piece supported for movement under the inuence of said trigger from a holding position holding said cooking piece cocked to a position releasing said cooking piece for said movement of the latter under the influence of said spring, said sear being actuatable for releasing said cooking piece only upon movement of said trigger from a finger retracted position back to forward position and at a point in such movement, means for so causing said latter movement upon release of the retractable force on the trigger, and means actuated by a predetermined movement of said trigger other than a release thereof and after a retraction of said trigger to a predetermined distance for obstructing the release of said sear from said oooking piece upon a, subsequent release of said trigger after such predetermined movement, said trigger being freely returnable to said forward position after said predetermined movement.

12. In a trigger mechanism having a spring urged cooking piece supported for movement under the inuence of said spring from a cooked position to a released position, a finger retractable trigger and means connecting between said trigger and said cooking piece for releasably holding said cooking piece cocked including a sear actuated for movement to a position releasing said cooking piece by movement of said trigger from a finger retracted position back to forward position and at a point in said movement, means supporting said sear for said movement, and means engaging said sear for transmitting the power of said spring to said sear for positively driving said sear out of its holding position relative to said cooking piece and said point in the movement of said trigger, said cooking piece being of the reciprocable bolt type having a sear ztrigger'andfsaid `cooking piece for releasably. hold- ?ing said 'cooking piece cooked vincluding fa sear `actuated for movement to Aa vposition `releasing .said cooking piece -by movement of said. trigger ,from 4a nger retracted position yback to lforward position and -at.a point in ysaid movement, '.'means supporting Asaid sear -for said ymovement, land meansengaging `said sear for transmitting the l:power of 1said spring to said sear ,for'positively 'driving .said :Sear .out Vof its holding fpostionrelative to said cocking.z-p'ece at said -fpoint in the movement .of said trigger, :a safety element connected vvit1'1;said ytrigger movablelby a predetermined :movement of the said trigger, after a retraction thereof fand prior to movement-of fsaid itrigger to fsaid point, to a position, obst'rnoting release ,of said sear upon vsubsequent vi'novemen't yofisaid trigger to Vsaidpoint whereby said ytrigger 'may be released after a retraction thereofwithout releasing said vcooking piece.

JOHN GARTNER.

REFERENCES CITED The ti'oilowing references are of record 'infthe fiile 'of 'this patent:

UNITED STATES -PATENTS Name "Date Young Jan. 14, 1936 Number 

